1967 Ph.D. in Mass Communications Research (with double major in Political Science), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; dissertation: "Experiments in Computerized Content Analysis and information Retrieval in Communication Research"
1963 M.A. in Communication (with minor in Political Science), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; thesis: "Labor Organization in Broadcasting: Wagner Act to the Taft-Hartley Law"
1961 A.B. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
